Indonesia fires: Jakarta and provinces trade blame

In September 2026, Joni Harta, head of Central Kalimantan’s environment agency, said in a video posted on Instagram that drew 55,000 likes and more than 5,000 comments: “When the forest burns, why is Central Kalimantan province told to put out the fire? Why are the people of Central Kalimantan told to put it out? Not a single permit in forest areas was issued by the province. Should we be the ones putting it out?”

“Don’t pass the buck and blame my governor whenever something happens,” he added.

Joni also urged the Forestry Ministry to release funds owed to the province under the revenue-sharing scheme for a reforestation fund. “That money is our right. The central government should not hold it back,” he said.

His agency, he said, had done what it could within its responsibilities, putting up banners and campaigning against land burning. “We monitor companies that got permits from the central government but have no firefighting equipment, and we will certainly sanction them. But our budget is not enough.”

He added that the agency, and the Environment Ministry, were dealing with seven errant companies.

Jakarta pushes back

The Forestry Ministry has pushed back, insisting that fire prevention and control are shared responsibilities.

Responding to Joni’s remarks, the ministry’s public relations chief, Ristianto Pribadi, said on Sept 23 that fire management is a joint undertaking of the central and regional governments, law enforcement, businesses and communities, with authority determined by where a fire occurs, the status of the land, the type of business and the permits held.

He noted that environmental approvals for companies and their supervision fall to the Environment Ministry or provincial environment agencies, depending on their respective powers, a role that includes Joni’s own office. He said the Forestry Ministry oversees permit holders’ compliance in forest areas, including their fire-control obligations.

Putra Saptian, a senior campaigner at peatland-focused non-governmental organisation Pantau Gambut, agreed, arguing that regional and provincial governments retain significant authority.

“The claim that all responsibility shifted to the central government in 2020 is regarded as a fallacy,” he told The Straits Times, pointing out that provinces continue to have the authority to designate which land any company with a concession is entitled to operate on, and that provinces continue to have the power to halt operations of companies that breach a law.

The ministry has also moved to show it is acting against companies. In September 2026, it revoked the permits of five companies in West, South and Central Kalimantan, covering concessions totalling 92,464ha. On Oct 20, it said it had imposed administrative sanctions on 32 companies over 12,926ha of burnt land across seven provinces, and was handling suspected criminal cases against 125 individuals and corporations.

Who is ultimately responsible?

The dispute raises questions about who is ultimately accountable for resolving fires in Indonesia, whose recurring haze crises have consequences far beyond its borders, particularly for Singapore and Malaysia.

Writing on news site Maklumat on Oct 18, Abdul Khalid Boyan, a social and political analyst at Universitas Arya Wangsa, argued that since the 2020 law moved forestry licensing to Jakarta, the permits that serve as the main tool of oversight are located in the capital, hundreds to thousands of kilometres away from areas where fires could potentially spark. That distance, he wrote, delays the detection of violations and allows each side to shift responsibility.

But he did not spare the regions, noting that permits were handed out freely amid local political interests before centralisation in 2020. The answer, he argued, lies not in choosing between Jakarta and the provinces, but in ensuring that whoever holds authority can be held to account. 

And early detection and action are also key.

Haze-hit residents in Sumatra and Kalimantan are urging President Prabowo Subianto to replace police chiefs and territorial military commanders in regions where fires have spread out of control.

They argue that stopping small fires from becoming major blazes requires early detection and rapid intervention, and that only the police and military, with personnel deployed down to the village level, have the reach to do this effectively.

“The military and police have resources and people across provinces and regencies. They can carry out prevention,” Ponco Pramono, 46, owner of a shrimp paste noodle shop in Palembang, South Sumatra, told ST on Oct 16.

He added: “Previously (under then President Joko Widodo), we understood there was a policy that provincial police chiefs and regional military commanders would be replaced if fires in their areas spread out of control. That is no longer the policy now under President Prabowo.”

Adi Siswoyo, 43, a farmer in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, said: “A field police officer (during the Widodo administration) confided that he could do little during the dry season besides patrol and hunt for hot spots, because his superior feared being replaced.” Adi said it is no longer the case under Prabowo, who took office in October 2024.

But in a possible sign of change, during a visit to Riau on Aug 24, Prabowo praised the province’s military commander, Major General Agus Hadi Waluyo, and police chief Inspector-General Herry Heryawan, and promised both promotions if the fires there were brought to an end.