{"id":86209,"date":"2026-09-19T15:33:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T07:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/?p=86209"},"modified":"2026-09-19T15:33:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T07:33:59","slug":"what-rules-apply-to-civil-servants-when-using-info-from-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/?p=86209","title":{"rendered":"What rules apply to civil servants when using info from work"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"text-primary article-summary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">SINGAPORE \u2013 <!-- -->Questions about the laws and rules governing what civil servants can do with information obtained through their work have surfaced recently.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">These come after a study claiming they and their relatives <a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/psd-reviewing-paper-that-reports-civil-servants-disproportionately-bought-homes-near-unannounced-mrt?ref=inline-article\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"gap-x-04 items-center inline text-primary-60 select-auto\" aria-label=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" data-testid=\"custom-link\"><span class=\"inline font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"typography-test-id\">disproportionately bought homes near MRT stations that had not yet been publicly announced.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">The Public Service Division (PSD) said in its initial response to the paper that it is reviewing the data and methodology and would refer the matter to the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) if there is \u201cmaterial basis\u201d to do so.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Current rules include annual declarations.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Civil servants have to make declarations of interests in investments and properties to their head of agency every year, as well as when they acquire significant assets, according to a 2024 written parliamentary reply by current Coordinating Minister for Public Services Chan Chun Sing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">ST understands that these declarations could include private residential property, commercial property or any land in Singapore or abroad. The rules could also apply to properties acquired by the public officer\u2019s spouse or financially dependent children.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">There are also rules stating that officers are not allowed to use privileged information, including information that has not been made public, when buying property for personal gain.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">In 2023, then senior minister Teo Chee Hean told Parliament that the Public Service Code of Conduct requires all public officers to take an annual quiz and make declarations including their freedom from financial embarrassment, investments in non-owner-occupied properties and investments in private firms.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">He said officers must also make ad hoc declarations when they buy private residential or commercial properties or land.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">National University of Singapore corporate governance expert Mak Yuen Teen said the Government should recognise that there are always risks of abuse, regardless of the merits of the working paper.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Pointing to a recent court case involving a former Housing Board group director accused of breaching the agency\u2019s database, he said the episode illustrated the need for safeguards.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">\u201cRegardless of whether we believe the findings are accurate, we should make sure we have safeguards to minimise such risks,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"S\u2019pore civil servants buying property near unannounced MRT stations? US research paper says yes\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iGRUD--SFcE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"font-primary-headline-md-semibold\" data-testid=\"article-subhead-test-id\">Legislation, codes of conduct that may apply<\/h2>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Some have assumed that the mention of CPIB means that any potential offence highlighted by the study is corruption-related, but lawyers told The Straits Times that the legal implications depend heavily on the circumstances of each case.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Noting that the study does not provide any specific facts for any individuals, lawyers suggested several possible pieces of legislation that could be relevant beyond the Prevention of Corruption Act, as well as internal codes of conduct by which civil servants are bound.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">The CPIB is the only agency authorised to investigate corruption offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA), which covers corrupt transactions involving \u201cgratification\u201d \u2013 such as money, property, services, favours or other advantages \u2013 given or received to induce a person to do something with corrupt intent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">But lawyers said the fact that a civil servant may have used information obtained through work to make a profitable property purchase does not, by itself, establish a corruption offence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">The working paper, authored by four academics based in the US and Hong Kong, claimed that civil servants \u2013 in particular those involved in rail planning \u2013 disproportionately bought private property near an MRT station, compared with a control group with similar demographics.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">It was published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, a US-based non-profit organisation, in September.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Lawyer Gino Singh of Abbots Chambers said the PCA is not an obvious fit based on these facts.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">The conventional corruption offences under the Act require corrupt gratification operating as an inducement or reward, he noted. \u201cHere, nobody has offered or given the officer anything. He has simply acted upon information already in his possession,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Benjamin Joshua Ong, an assistant professor of law at Singapore Management University, said merely misusing information for personal gain is not necessarily an offence that the CPIB has the power to investigate.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">\u201cThe CPIB\u2019s main remit is to investigate corruption-related offences. It does have the power to investigate other offences, but only arrestable offences which are disclosed in the course of investigations into corruption-related offences,\u201d he told ST.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Professor Walter Woon, a former Attorney-General, said investigations can be conducted by any agency, and CPIB investigations often lead to Penal Code charges.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">\u201cWhat charge might be disclosed is an entirely separate matter. It may not be corruption, but there could be other offences,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Instead of the PCA, lawyers flagged Section 169 of the Penal Code and Section 7(3) of the Public Sector (Governance) Act as possibilities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Section 169 of the Penal Code states that it is an offence for a public servant who is legally prohibited from buying or bidding for certain property to nonetheless do so. If convicted, a person can be jailed for up to two years, fined, or both, while the property, if purchased, is liable to be confiscated.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Ong said whether this applies depends on whether the civil servant in question was legally bound not to purchase the property, which could come under internal civil service rules that employees are contractually bound to follow.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Section 7(3) states that it is an offence for a relevant public official to use information under the control of a public sector agency and, as a result of that use, obtain a gain for himself or another person, or cause harm or loss to another person. A person can be fined up to $5,000, jailed for up to two years, or both, under this provision.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Lawyers ST spoke to said this Act could be more directly relevant to a scenario involving the use of government information for a private property gain.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">But Ong noted that there appear to be no decided cases in which the courts have had an occasion to deal with or interpret Section 7(3), or any other part of the Public Sector (Governance) Act.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Therein lies a possible defence for the civil servant, which is to prove that the information used was \u201cgenerally available information\u201d, he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Ong said this could cover a possibility raised in several online comments so far \u2013 that future MRT stations may be reasonably inferred from the type of construction works being carried out in an area.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Singh said the Official Secrets Act could come into play if an officer told relatives to buy property based on internal knowledge of where an MRT station is going to be announced.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">\u201cThat is no longer merely an officer privately acting upon information. There has been a communication of official information to another person,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">There is a possibility that any wrong behaviour flagged in the study would not fall under the purview of the law but under internal civil service rules, said lawyers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Singh said a breach of an employment or ethical obligation should not automatically be equated with the commission of a criminal offence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Ong added that not all the standards explicitly list behaviours that are forbidden. Some take the form of principles and values, which involve an element of judgment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">For example, one of the core principles outlined in the Public Service Code of Conduct is for public officers to be \u201cfair and impartial in carrying out responsibilities, and not be corrupt or seen to be so\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">They may also vary in stringency depending on the department.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">Ong pointed to rules requiring all public officers to declare visits to local casinos if they visit more than four times a month or purchase an annual pass, while tighter restrictions apply to certain groups of officers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-primary font-tertiary-body-baseline-regular\" data-testid=\"article-paragraph-annotation-test-id\">ST has contacted the PSD and several government agencies involved in transport and land-use planning, including the Land Transport Authority and Urban Redevelopment Authority, for more details on the rules governing property purchases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<center><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/what-laws-or-rules-apply-to-civil-servants-when-using-information-obtained-from-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read Full Article At Source <\/a><br \/>\n<center\/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SINGAPORE \u2013 Questions about the laws and rules governing what civil servants can do with information obtained through their work have surfaced recently. These come&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":86211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2611],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-buzz-headlines","wpcat-2611-id"],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=86209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86209\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/86211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=86209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=86209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sgbuzz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=86209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}