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SINGAPORE \u2013 Singaporean R. Shanmugaratnam, <\/p>\n who was earlier convicted of 13 counts of falsification of accounts linked to nearly \u20ac1.1 billion<\/p>\n <\/a> (S$1.65 billion) purportedly held in escrow for collapsed German payments company\u00a0Wirecard and its related firms, was sentenced to 10 years\u2019 jail on Jan 6. <\/p>\n Briton James Henry O\u2019Sullivan, 51, who had abetted Shanmugaratnam, 59, was ordered to spend 6\u00bd years behind bars. O\u2019Sullivan was earlier convicted of five counts of falsification of accounts.<\/p>\n A district court found them guilty of their charges in September 2025 after a trial.<\/p>\n In earlier proceedings, the court heard that from 2016 to 2018, Shanmugaratnam, who was then a director of Citadelle Corporate Services, issued 13 balance confirmation letters.<\/p>\n The documents falsely confirmed to\u00a0Wirecard\u00a0AG, its related companies WCUKI and Cardsystems, as well as their auditors, that Citadelle held nearly \u20ac1.1 billion in escrow for the\u00a0Wirecard\u00a0entities across three financial years.\u00a0<\/p>\n Escrow is an essential service in capital markets that supports transactions such as mergers and acquisitions.<\/p>\n O\u2019Sullivan had abetted Shanmugaratnam to issue five of the letters in March 2017, the court heard.<\/p>\n The pair\u2019s cases are said to be linked to Jan Marsalek,\u00a045, <\/p>\n an Austrian fugitive, a former businessman and suspected spy operative for Russia.<\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n Marsalek was the chief operating officer of\u00a0Wirecard\u00a0AG from 2010 to 2020. An Interpol Red Notice has been issued against him.<\/p>\n Once such a notice is issued, the police in other countries can be on the lookout for foreign offenders. The Red Notice can then be used to support extradition proceedings after an arrest is made.<\/p>\n Oliver Bellenhaus, a German who used to be managing director of Cardsystems Middle East FZ \u2013 a Dubai subsidiary of Wirecard Technologies \u2013 was also named in court documents tendered by Singapore\u2019s prosecution.<\/p>\n Deputy public prosecutors Gordon Oh, Alexandria Shamini Joseph and Louis Ngia had earlier stated in court documents that O\u2019Sullivan got to know Shanmugaratnam after the Briton engaged Citadelle\u2019s services to set up companies in Singapore.<\/p>\n Citadelle then offered corporate secretarial services to 30 of O\u2019Sullivan\u2019s companies, including Brightyear, Senjo Group and Senjo Payment.<\/p>\n O\u2019Sullivan was also the owner of multiple accounts on e-mail platforms and messaging app Telegram. Shanmugaratnam believed that he was communicating with O\u2019Sullivan through these e-mail accounts, said the prosecution.<\/p>\n Court documents stated that O\u2019Sullivan was Marsalek\u2019s long-time business partner and friend.<\/p>\n O\u2019Sullivan introduced Marsalek to Shanmugaratnam on an occasion before July 2015, said the prosecutors.<\/p>\n \u201cAccording to (Shanmugaratnam), he was asked by (Marsalek) to act as an escrow agent between\u00a0Wirecard\u00a0entities and (O\u2019Sullivan\u2019s) companies,\u201d they added.<\/p>\n Among other things, Shanmugaratnam received a request on Feb 23, 2016, from accounting firm Ernst & Young (EY) for Citadelle to confirm the balance of all accounts held by\u00a0Wirecard\u00a0AG and\/or its subsidiaries with Citadelle as of Dec 31, 2015. <\/p>\n In March 2016, he received a document from Marsalek, which \u201ccontained draft wordings to be put into balance confirmation letters\u201d. <\/p>\n The DPPs said: \u201cShortly after, Shanmugaratnam prepared (three) letters on Citadelle\u2019s letterhead using the wording provided in (the) document.<\/p>\n \u201cShanmugaratnam then sent the three letters to EY via e-mail on March 29, 2016. On the same day, EY Germany replied to confirm receipt of the e-mail.\u201d<\/p>\n The letters had mentioned three escrow accounts, and each of them purportedly had a balance of between \u20ac30 million and more than \u20ac66 million. Court documents stated that, in fact, Citadelle was not holding these sums of money for\u00a0Wirecard\u00a0and\/or its subsidiaries as of Dec 31, 2015.<\/p>\n On May 23, 2016, Shanmugaratnam received an e-mail from Bellenhaus, asking him to provide confirmation that Citadelle held an additional \u20ac41.5 million in an escrow account as of March 31, 2016.<\/p>\n The e-mail contained the wording to be used for a letter of confirmation to be addressed to WCUKI.<\/p>\n In May that year, Shanmugaratnam prepared letters using words provided by Bellenhaus. After that, he sent them to Bellenhaus via e-mail.<\/p>\n The letters had mentioned two escrow accounts, and each of them purportedly had a balance of between \u20ac30.3 million and \u20ac41.5 million as of March 31, 2016.<\/p>\n Shanmugaratnam went on to commit similar offences involving the remaining letters, and five of them were linked to O\u2019Sullivan.<\/p>\n